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NOTE: THIS IS A COURTESY COPY OF THESE RULES. ALL OF THE DEPARTMENT'S RULES ARE COMPILED IN TITLE 7 OF THE NEW JERSEY ADMINISTRATIVE CODE.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D

General Practice and Procedure

Statutory authority: N.J.S.A. 13:1D-1 et seq., 53:14B-1 et seq., and Executive Order No. 34 (1976)

Date last amended: December 2, 2019

For regulatory history and effective dates, see the New Jersey Administrative Code

Table of Contents

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-1 PETITIONS FOR RULES ...2
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-1.1 Procedure to petition for a rule ...2
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2 DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND DISQUALIFICATION FROM DEPARTMENT CONTRACTING ...3
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.1 Definitions ...3
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.2 Causes for debarment ...4
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.3 Conditions for debarment ...5
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.4 Procedures, period and scope of debarment ...6
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.5 Suspension and causes therefor ...7
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.6 Conditions for suspension ...7
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.7 Procedures, period and scope of suspension ...8
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.8 Applicability ...9
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.9 Exclusions ...9
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.10 Notice ...9
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.11 Lists ...9
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.12 Discretion ...9
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3 NON-PUBLIC RECORDS ...9
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3.1 Scope ...10
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3.2 Records not subject to disclosure ...10
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-4 (RESERVED) ...13
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5 EXTENSION OF COMMENT PERIOD AND PUBLIC HEARINGS ON PROPOSED RULES; NOTICE OF PROPOSAL AND QUARTERLY RULEMAKING CALENDAR ...13
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.1 Extension of comment period on a proposed rule ...13
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.2 Public hearing on a proposed rule ...13
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.3 Notice of proposed rule ...14
N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.4 Notice of rulemaking calendar ...15
NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARDS ...41
United States National Map Accuracy Standards ...41

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NOTE: THIS IS A COURTESY COPY OF THESE RULES. ALL OF THE DEPARTMENT'S RULES ARE COMPILED IN TITLE 7 OF THE NEW JERSEY ADMINISTRATIVE CODE.

U.S. Bureau of the Budget, Revised June 17, 1947 ...41
N.J.A.C. 7:1D GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-1 PETITIONS FOR RULES

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-1.1 Procedure to petition for a rule

(a) Unless otherwise provided in Title 7 of the New Jersey Administrative Code, this section shall constitute the Department of Environmental Protection's rules regarding the disposition of all requests for rulemaking pursuant to N.J.S.A. 52:14B-4(f).

(b) Any interested person may petition the Department of Environmental Protection to promulgate, amend or repeal any rule of the Department of Environmental Protection. Such petition must be in writing, signed by the petitioner, and must state clearly and concisely:

1. The full name and address of the petitioner;
2. The substance or nature of the rulemaking which is requested. The petitioner may provide the text of the requested proposed rule;
3. The reasons for the request;
4. The petitioner's interest in the request, including any relevant organization affiliation or economic interest;
5. The statutory authority under which the Department of Environmental Protection may take the requested action; and
6. Existing Federal or State statutes and rules which the petitioner believes may be pertinent to the request.

(c) Petitions for the promulgation, amendment or repeal of a rule by the Department of Environmental Protection shall be sent by e-mail to RulePetitions@dep.nj.gov or in hard copy addressed to:

Office of Legal Affairs
Attention: Rulemaking Petitions
Department of Environmental Protection
Mail code 401-04L
401 East State Street, 7th Floor
PO Box 402
Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0402

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(d) Any document submitted to the Department of Environmental Protection that is not in substantial compliance with this section shall not be deemed to be a petition for rulemaking requiring further agency action.

(e) Upon receipt by the Department of a petition for rulemaking, the following shall occur:

1. The petition shall be dated, stamped and logged;
2. The petition shall be referred to the relevant Department division or other Department office, as appropriate; and
3. A notice of petition shall be prepared and filed within 15 days of receipt with the Office of Administrative Law in accordance with N.J.A.C. 1:30-4.1(c).

(f) In accordance with N.J.A.C. 1:30-4.2(a), within 60 days following receipt of a petition, the Department shall mail to the petitioner and file with the Office of Administrative Law for publication in the New Jersey Register a notice describing the Department's action on the petition in accordance with (g) below.

(g) In accordance with N.J.S.A. 52:14B-4(f) and N.J.A.C. 1:30-4.2(a), the Department shall take one of the following actions on the petition:

1. Deny the petition, in which case the notice of action shall explain the reasons for the denial;
2. Grant the petition and initiate rulemaking within 90 days of granting the petition; or
3. Refer the matter for further deliberations. The Department shall conclude its further deliberations within 90 days of the referral. Upon conclusion of such further deliberations, the Department shall either deny the petition and provide a written statement of its reasons or grant the petition and initiate rulemaking within 90 days of granting the petition. The results of these further deliberations shall be mailed to the petitioner and shall be submitted to the Office of Administrative Law for publication in the New Jersey Register.

(h) In accordance with N.J.A.C. 1:30-4.2(b), a specific period of more than 90 days for further deliberations under (g)3 above and/or to initiate a rulemaking proceeding under (g)2 or 3 above may be agreed upon, in writing, by the petitioner and the Department. An agreement to extend either period or both periods shall constitute an action on the petition for which notice shall be submitted to the Office of Administrative Law for publication in the New Jersey Register.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2 DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION AND DISQUALIFICATION FROM DEPARTMENT CONTRACTING

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.1 Definitions

The following words and terms, when used in this subchapter, shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

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"Affiliates" means persons having an overt or covert relationship such that any one of them directly or indirectly controls or has the power to control another.

"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection.

"Debarment" means an exclusion from contracting, on the basis of a lack of responsibility evidenced by an offense, failure, or inadequacy of performance, for a reasonable period of time commensurate with the seriousness of the offense, failure or inadequacy of performance.

"Department" means the Department of Environmental Protection.

"DEP contracting" means any arrangement giving rise to an obligation to supply any thing to or perform any service for the Department of Environmental Protection, other than by virtue of State employment, or to supply any thing to or perform any service for a private person where the DEP provides substantial financial assistance and retains the right to approve or disapprove the nature or quality of the goods or service or the persons who may supply or perform the same.

"Disqualification" means a debarment or a suspension which denies or revokes a qualification to bid or otherwise engage in DEP contracting which has been granted or applied for pursuant to statute, or rules and regulations.

"Person" means any natural person, company, firm association, corporation, or other entity.

"State" means the State of New Jersey, or any of the departments or agencies in the executive branch of government with the lawful authority to engage in contracting.

"Suspension" means an exclusion from DEP contracting for a temporary period of time, pending the completion of an investigation of legal proceedings.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.2 Causes for debarment

(a) The Department of Environmental Protection shall debar a person in the public interest for any of the following causes:

1. Commission of a criminal offense as an incident to obtaining or attempting to obtain a public or private contract, or subcontract thereunder, or in the performance of such contract or subcontract;
2. Violation of the Federal Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, or commission of embezzlement, theft, forgery, bribery, falsification or destruction of records, perjury, false swearing, receiving stolen property, obstruction of justice, or any other offense indicating a lack of business integrity or honesty;
3. Violation of the Federal or State antitrust statutes, or of the Federal Anti-Kickback Act (18 U.S.C. 874, 40 U.S.C. 276b, c);
4. Violations of any of the laws governing the conduct of elections of the State of New Jersey or of its political subdivisions;

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5. Violation of the Law Against Discrimination (P.L. 1945, c.169, C.10:5-1 et seq., as supplemented by P.L. 1975, c.127), or of the act banning discrimination by industries engaged in defense work in the employment of persons therein (C.114, L.1942, C.10:1-10 et seq.);
6. Violations of any laws governing hours of labor, minimum wage standards, prevailing wage standards, discrimination in wages, or child labor;
7. Violations of any laws governing the conduct of occupations or professions or regulated industries;
8. Willful failure to perform in accordance with contract specifications or within contractual time limits;
9. A record of failure to perform or of unsatisfactory performance in accordance with the terms of one or more contracts, provided that such failure or unsatisfactory performance has occurred within a reasonable time preceding the determination to debar and was caused by acts within the control of the person debarred;
10. Violation of contractual or statutory provisions regulating contingent fees;
11. Any other cause affecting responsibility as a State contractor of such serious and compelling nature as may be determined by the department to warrant debarment, including such conduct as may be prescribed by the laws or contracts enumerated in this paragraph even if such conduct has not been or may not be prosecuted as violations of such laws or contracts;
12. Debarment by some other department or agency in the executive branch.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.3 Conditions for debarment

(a) Debarment from department contracting shall be made only by the commissioner, except as otherwise provided by law.
(b) The existence of any of the causes set forth in section 2 of this subchapter shall not necessarily require that a person be debarred. In each instance, the decision to debar shall be made within the discretion of the head of the department or agency unless otherwise required by law, and shall be rendered in the best interests of the State.
(c) All mitigating factors shall be considered in determining the seriousness of the offense, failure or inadequacy of performance and in deciding whether debarment is warranted.
(d) The existence of a cause set forth in section 2(a)1 through 7 of this subchapter shall be established upon the rendering of a final judgment or conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction or by an administrative agency empowered to render such judgment. In the event an appeal taken from such judgment or conviction results in reversal thereof, the debarment shall be removed upon the request of the debarred person unless other cause for debarment exists.

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(e) The existence of a cause set forth in section 2(a)8 through 11 of this subchapter shall be established by evidence which the department or agency determines to be clear and convincing in nature.

(f) Debarment for the cause set forth in section 2(a)12 of this subchapter shall be proper provided that one of the remaining causes set forth in section 2 of this subchapter was the basis for debarment by the original debarring agency. Such debarment may be based entirely on the record of facts obtained by the original debarring agency, or upon a combination of such facts and additional facts.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.4 Procedures, period and scope of debarment

(a) When the Department or any agency within its control or jurisdiction seeks to debar a person or his affiliates, the person or persons shall be furnished with a written notice stating that:

1. Debarment is being considered;
2. The reasons for the proposed debarment; and
3. An opportunity will be afforded to such person or persons for a hearing if the hearing is requested within seven days from the date of personal delivery or the date of mailing of such notice. Such request shall be filed with the Department at the following address:

Office of Legal Affairs
ATTENTION: Adjudicatory Hearing Requests
Department of Environmental Protection
Mail Code 401-04L
401 East State Street, 4th Floor
PO Box 402
Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0402

(b) All such hearings shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act (N.J.S.A. 54:14B-1 et seq.). Where any State department or agency has already imposed debarment upon a party, the commissioner may also impose a similar debarment without affording an opportunity for a hearing, provided the commissioner furnishes notice of the proposed similar debarment to that party, and affords that party an opportunity to present information in his behalf to explain why the proposed similar debarment should not be imposed in whole or in part.

(c) Debarment shall be for reasonable, definitely stated period of time which as a general rule shall not exceed five years. Debarment for an additional period shall be permitted provided that notice thereof is furnished and the party is afforded an opportunity to present information in his behalf to explain why the additional period of debarment should not be imposed.

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(d) Except as otherwise provided by law, a debarment may be removed or the period thereof may be reduced in the discretion of the commissioner, upon the submission of a good faith application under oath, supported by documentary evidence, setting forth substantial and appropriate grounds for the granting of relief, such as, newly discovered material evidence, reversal of a conviction or judgment, actual change of ownership, management or control, or the elimination of the causes for which the debarment was imposed.

(e) A debarment may include all known affiliates of a person provided that each decision to include an affiliate is made on a case by case basis after giving due regard to all relevant facts and circumstances. The offense, failure or inadequacy of performance of an individual may be imputed to a person with whom he is affiliated, where such conduct was accomplished within the course of his official duty or was effected by him with the knowledge or approval of such person.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.5 Suspension and causes therefor

The commissioner may suspend a person from State contracting with the department or any agency within the control or jurisdiction of the department for any cause specified in section 2 of this subchapter or upon a reasonable suspicion that such cause exists.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.6 Conditions for suspension

(a) Suspension from State contracting shall be made only by the commissioner with the approval of the Attorney General, except as otherwise provided by law.

(b) The existence of any cause for suspension shall not require that a suspension be imposed, and a decision to suspend shall be made at the discretion of the commissioner with the approval of the Attorney General, if in the best interests of the State.

(c) Suspension shall not be based upon unsupported accusation, but upon adequate evidence that cause exists or upon evidence adequate to create a reasonable suspicion that cause exists.

(d) In assessing whether adequate evidence exists, consideration shall be given to the amount of credible evidence which is available, to the existence or absence of corroboration as to important allegations, and to inferences which may properly be drawn from the existence or absence of affirmative facts.

(e) Reasonable suspicion of the existence of a cause described in section 2(a)1 through 7 of this subchapter may be established by the rendering of a final judgment or conviction by a court or administrative agency of competent jurisdiction, by grand jury indictment, or by evidence that such violations of civil or criminal law did in fact occur.

(f) A suspension invoked by another department or agency in the executive branch for any of the causes described in section 2 of this subchapter may be the basis for the imposition of a con-

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current suspension by the commissioner without the necessity of an approval therefor by the Attorney General.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.7 Procedures, period and scope of suspension

(a) When the commissioner suspends a person or his affiliates from department contracting, the person or persons suspended shall be furnished with a written notice that within ten days after the effective date of the suspension stating that:

1. A suspension has been imposed and its effective date;
2. The reasons for the suspension to the extent that the Attorney General determines that such reasons may be properly disclosed;
3. The suspension is for a temporary period pending the completion of an investigation and such legal proceedings as may ensue; and
4. If legal proceedings are not commenced or the suspension removed within 60 days of the date of such notice, the party will be given either a statement of the reasons for the suspension and an opportunity for a hearing if he so requests, or a statement declining to give such reasons and setting forth the position of the commissioner regarding the continuation of the suspension;
5. Where a suspension by another department or agency in the executive branch has been the basis for suspension by the commissioner, he shall note that fact as a reason for his suspension.

(b) A suspension shall not continue beyond 18 months from its effective date unless civil or criminal action regarding the alleged violation shall have been initiated within that period, or unless debarment action has been commenced. Whenever prosecution or debarment action has been initiated, the suspension may continue until the legal proceedings are completed.

(c) A suspension may include all known affiliates of a person, provided that each decision to include an affiliate is made on a case by case basis after giving due regard to all relevant facts and circumstances. The offense, failure or inadequacy of performance or an individual may be imputed to a person with whom he is affiliated, where such conduct was accomplished within the course of his official duty or was effectuated by him with the knowledge or approval of such person.

(d) A request for a hearing under (a) above shall be filed with the Department at the following address:

Office of Legal Affairs
ATTENTION: Adjudicatory Hearing Requests
Department of Environmental Protection
Mail Code 401-04L
401 East State Street, 4th Floor
PO Box 402

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Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0402

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.8 Applicability

The rules contained herein governing debarment or suspension shall be applicable to existing practices and procedures of the department and all agencies within the control or jurisdiction of the department, under laws that concern prequalification for State contracting to the extent that such practices and procedures may concern the disqualification of any person from State contracting.

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.9 Exclusions

Any exclusion from department contracting under these rules by virtue of debarment, suspension or disqualification shall extend to all State contracting and subcontracting within the control or jurisdiction of the department; provided, however, if the commissioner determines that it is essential to the public interest and files a finding thereof with the Attorney General, the commissioner may grant an exception from total exclusion with respect to a particular contract.

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.10 Notice

Insofar as practicable, prior notice shall be given by the commissioner to the Attorney General and the Treasurer of any proposed debarment or suspension under these rules.

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.11 Lists

The department shall provide the State Treasurer with the names of all persons suspended or debarred and the effective date and term thereof, if any.

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-2.12 Discretion

Nothing required by these rules shall be construed to limit the authority of the commissioner or any agency within the control or jurisdiction of the department to refrain from contracting within the discretion allowed by law.

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3 NON-PUBLIC RECORDS

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## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3.1 Scope

The categories of records in N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3.2, Records not subject to disclosure, is in addition to protections that are contained in the Open Public Records Act (OPRA), N.J.S.A. 47:14A-1 et seq., any applicable statute, resolution of one or both houses of the Legislature, regulation, Executive Order of the Governor, court order, or subject area-specific protection in Title 7, Department of Environmental Protection, of the New Jersey Administrative Code.

## N.J.A.C. 7:1D-3.2 Records not subject to disclosure

(a) The documents, files, data and other records of the Department that are listed below shall not be deemed to be government records subject to public access pursuant to OPRA. Such records shall not be available for inspection, examination or copying by members of the public or by any other individual except authorized members and employees of the Department or except as provided by order of the Governor of the State, a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction, or applicable law:

1. Records relating to mediation proceedings conducted by or on behalf of the Department, except that any records that were open for public inspection, examination or copying prior to mediation shall continue to be available for public inspection, examination or copying during and after mediation. Final agreements resulting from mediation shall be available for public inspection, examination or copying;

2. Records that reveal the identity of a complainant. For purposes of this paragraph, "complainant" means a person who submits a report, complaint, or an allegation to the Department either alleging violation of environmental law or reporting an environmental concern and who is not obligated by law or rule to submit such a report, complaint, or allegation;

3. Portions of records containing the precise location of endangered and/or threatened animal species or endangered plant species or plant species of concern.

i. Notwithstanding (a)3 above:

(1) The Department shall disclose the precise location of endangered and/or threatened animal species, endangered plant species or plant species of concern to the owner of land upon which the animal or plant species has been located.

(2) If the Department denies or issues any permit or approval, where any of the aforementioned actions is the subject of a challenge in any administrative or judicial forum, the applicant, or any other person with a constitutional or statutory right to a hearing on that action by the Department, may request, and the Department shall provide, only those Department records containing the location(s) of endangered and/or threatened animal species, endangered plant species or plant species of concern relied upon by the Department to make any of the denials, approvals, or determinations.

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(3) Prior to providing the records containing the location(s) of endangered and/or threatened animal species, endangered plant species or plant species of concern under (a)3i(1) or (2) above, the Department shall redact the name(s) of the person(s) who provided the information contained in the records provided under (a)3i(1) or (2) above if the Department determines that the person(s) providing such information did not provide this information in the course of his or her employment with the State of New Jersey.

ii. If the Department determines that disclosure under (a)3i above is likely to create a substantial risk of harm, theft, or destruction to the species or habitats or the area or place where the species or habitats are located, the Department may require the recipient of the records to state in writing prior to access to the records that he or she shall keep the precise location of endangered and/or threatened animal species, endangered plant species or plant species of concern confidential.

iii. A property owner who has obtained records in accordance with this paragraph may share the records or disclose the information contained therein to his or her agent (such as an attorney, environmental consultant, or engineer) to the extent necessary to prepare and submit an application to the Department or any other governmental regulatory authority for a permit, approval, authorization, or other determination. If a property owner is required to execute a confidentiality agreement in accordance with ii above, the property owner shall not share the records or disclose the information contained therein to his or her agent unless the agent states in writing (on a form provided by the Department) prior to access to the records or information contained therein that he or she shall keep the precise location of endangered and/or threatened animal species, endangered plant species, or plant species of concern confidential. The property owner shall submit each such writing to the Department at the address specified on the form.

iv. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "endangered and/or threatened animal species" shall have the meaning(s) of the terms "endangered" and/or "threatened" as these terms are defined at N.J.A.C. 7:25-4.1. The term "endangered plant species" shall have the meaning of "endangered species" as the term is defined at N.J.A.C. 7:5C-1.4. The term "plant species of concern" shall have the meaning as set forth at N.J.A.C. 7:5C-3.1; and

4. Portions of records that identify, track, or otherwise determine the location of any animal or bird which, in the opinion of the Division of Fish and Wildlife, is potentially capable of inflicting serious or fatal injuries or being a menace to public health including, but not limited to, bears, nondomestic dogs, nondomestic cats, venomous and constrictor snakes, and exotic species. This includes, but is not limited to, records containing information regarding sightings, dens, nests or other habitation sites, locations of traps or other control techniques, and tracking or locational information generated by collars, tags, or transmitters affixed to such species by the Department including, but not limited to, radio frequency identification tags (RFID) and passive integrated transponder tags (PIT).

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i. The Department shall disclose the records identified in (a)4 above to the owner of land upon which the potentially dangerous species has been located, if requested by the landowner.

(1) Prior to providing records containing the location of potentially dangerous species under this subparagraph, the Department shall redact the name of the person who provided the information contained in the records, if the Department determines that the person providing such information did not provide this information in the course of his or her employment with the State of New Jersey.

(b) The Department shall withhold any record if the Department determines that the inspection, examination or copying of that record would substantially interfere with the State's ability to protect and defend the State and its citizens against acts of sabotage or terrorism, or which, if disclosed, would materially increase the risk or consequences of potential acts of sabotage or terrorism. Such records include, but are not limited to:

1. Any inventory of enforcement resources, including standard operating procedures, compiled and any policies or plans compiled by the Department pertaining to the mobilization, deployment, or tactical operations involved in responding to emergencies, including employee emergency contact information;

2. Information related to a nuclear power plant, which, if disclosed, would jeopardize the public health, safety and welfare or the security of the plant;

3. Listing of low level radioactive waste generators including amounts of waste generated and shielding designs for sources of radiation;

4. National defense related information from Lockheed Martin's Aegis Radar System facility;

5. Environmental Emergency Procedures detailing plans such as emergency procedures for wastewater treatment facilities pursuant to New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination rules, N.J.A.C. 7:14A-6.12(d);

6. Inundation maps submitted as part of Emergency Action Plans pursuant to Dam Safety Standards, N.J.A.C. 7:20-1.7(f) and 1.11(i);

7. Discharge Prevention Containment and Countermeasures and Discharge Cleanup Removal Plans and related general site plans; and

8. Radioactive Materials Licenses issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and advisories issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission that address lessons learned, security or enforcement issues.

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(c) Records related to Green Acres, Blue Acres, and Natural Lands Trust land acquisitions, program offerings and active projects, including appraisals, valuations and title investigations, shall be made available for public inspection, examination and copying no later than 48 hours before formal action is to be taken on any land transaction, program offering or active project unless the land transaction, program offering or active project is actively under negotiation, a binding contract has not been executed, or disclosure of the records would jeopardize the land transaction, program offering or active project. An active project is one that has been initiated within two years of the date of appraisal.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-4 (RESERVED)

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5 EXTENSION OF COMMENT PERIOD AND PUBLIC HEARINGS ON PROPOSED RULES; NOTICE OF PROPOSAL AND QUARTERLY RULEMAKING CALENDAR

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.1 Extension of comment period on a proposed rule

(a) The Department may extend the public comment period on a proposed rule whenever the Commissioner determines an extension is appropriate.

(b) The Department shall extend the public comment period on a proposed rule for an additional 30 days when sufficient public interest is demonstrated in accordance with (c) below.

(c) Sufficient public interest is demonstrated when, based on written request(s) for an extension or on the comments received within the 30-day period following publication of the proposal in the New Jersey Register:

1. The Department is satisfied that one of the criteria in (c)1i or ii below is met;
i. The proposed rule is complex and/or involves significant amendment(s) to a regulatory program; or
ii. The request(s) to extend the comment period encompasses a broad range of interests;
2. The Department determines that extension of the comment period is likely to result in the Department receiving comments relevant to the proposed rule that raise issues or provide new information, data or findings that were not previously raised or provided during the development of the proposed rule or during the initial comment period; and
3. The Department determines that the delay in the rulemaking process resulting from an extension of the public comment period is not likely to result in an adverse impact(s) to the public health, safety or welfare or the environment.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.2 Public hearing on a proposed rule

(a) The Department may conduct a public hearing on a proposed rule whenever the Commissioner determines that conducting a public hearing is appropriate.

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(b) The Department shall conduct a public hearing on a proposed rule if required by statute.

(c) The Department shall conduct a public hearing on a proposed rule if, in accordance with N.J.S.A. 52:14B-4(a)(3), within 30 days following publication of the proposed rule in the New Jersey Register:

1. A public hearing is requested by a committee of the Legislature;
2. A public hearing is requested by a governmental agency or subdivision; or
3. Sufficient public interest in a public hearing is demonstrated in accordance with (d) below.

(d) Sufficient public interest is demonstrated when, based on written request(s) for a public hearing or on the comments received within the 30-day period following publication of the proposal in the New Jersey Register:

1. The Department is satisfied that at least one of the criteria in (d)1i through iii below is met;
i. The proposed rule is complex and/or involves significant amendment(s) to a regulatory program;
ii. The request(s) for the Department to conduct a public hearing encompasses a broad range of interests; or
iii. Notice of a public hearing was not included in the notice of proposal or in any subsequent notice during the 30-day period;

2. The Department determines that conducting a public hearing is likely to result in the Department receiving comments relevant to the proposed rule that raise issues or provide new information, data or findings that were not previously raised or provided during the development of the proposed rule or during the initial comment period; and
3. The Department determines that delay in the rulemaking process resulting from conducting a public hearing is not likely to result in an adverse impact(s) to the public health, safety or welfare or the environment.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.3 Notice of proposed rule

(a) The Department shall provide the following types of public notice for all of its rule proposals:

1. Publication of the proposal in the New Jersey Register;
2. Posting of a notice or statement of the substance of the proposed rule on the Department's website at www.state.nj.us/dep;
3. Distribution of a notice or statement of the substance of the proposed rule to the news media maintaining a press office in the State House Complex; and
4. Distribution of a notice or statement of the substance of the proposed rule to those persons who made timely request to the Department for notice of its rulemakings.

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(b) In addition to the notice provided in accordance with (a) above, the Department shall distribute by electronic mail a notice of each Department rule proposal to a distribution list that the Department maintains to communicate regarding rulemaking with the regulated community and interested parties, including environmental organizations, permittees, trade organizations and other interest groups and individuals.

(c) In addition to the notice provided in accordance with (a) and (b) above, the Department may provide public notice of a rule proposal using one of the following methods:

1. Mailing to a distribution list, maintained by the Department program primarily responsible for administering the proposed rule, of individuals, entities, organizations or government entities, that have expressed an interest in receiving information regarding the proposed rule;
2. Posting in central locations or other areas in State managed lands where persons that may be interested in or affected by the proposed rule are likely to see the notice;
3. Publication in a newsletter or trade, industry, government or professional publication whose distribution list includes persons most likely to be affected by or interested in the proposed rule;
4. Distribution at regularly scheduled meetings of advisory groups or councils whose members are most likely to be affected by or interested in the proposed rule; or
5. Publication in at least one newspaper of general circulation having a distribution area sufficient to inform those persons most likely to be affected by or interested in the proposed rule.

N.J.A.C. 7:1D-5.4 Notice of rulemaking calendar

(a) The Department shall provide notice of its rulemaking calendar pursuant to N.J.S.A. 52:14B-3 as follows:

1. Publication in the New Jersey Register;
2. Distribution to the news media maintaining a press office in the State House Complex; and
3. Posting on the Department's website at www.state.nj.us/dep.

APPENDIX A

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Geographic Information System

Mapping and Digital Data Standards

prepared by:

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Office of Information Resources Management

Bureau of Geographic Information Systems

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Post Office Box 428
Trenton, NJ 08625-0428
July, 2005

Overview

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) maintains a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the storage and analysis of cartographic (mapped) and related environmental scientific and regulatory information for use by the Department. A GIS is a computer mapping system used to display and analyze geographic information and spatial databases.

Many Departmental programs require the submission of mapped data to a GIS standard. The submission of mapped data by all sectors based on this standard will facilitate data input into the Department's GIS and the integration of data with the New Jersey Environmental Management System (NJEMS). Much of these data can be shared back with the regulated community and public as appropriate. Important concepts regarding the creation, capture and delivery of digital mapped information are addressed in this document.

There are three basic concepts that must be followed.

The first concept addresses the need for all mapping to meet accepted accuracy standards. All digital data must meet or reference published standards such as those defined by the Federal Geographic Data Committee or a defined survey standard, regardless of scale. Testing against base maps or photography of known accuracy determines the accuracy of data. This will ensure appropriate positional accuracy of the geographic data and, therefore, compatibility of digital information.

Secondly, digital data provided to or produced for the Department are required to be in

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North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) horizontal geodetic datum and in the New Jersey State Plane Coordinate system (SPC). SPC is a geographic reference system in the horizontal plane describing the position of points or features with respect to other points in New Jersey. All coordinates of the system are expressed in meters. The Department, however, prefers to receive and maintain data in U.S. survey feet. The official survey base of the State is known as the New Jersey State Plane Coordinate System whose geodetic positions have been adjusted on the NAD83 as per Chapter 218, Laws of New Jersey 1989.

Lastly, GIS data must also be documented using the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata Standard or be compliant with the FGDC metadata standard. Metadata is information about the digital data being provided. It is important to know not only the positional coordinates of mapped information, but also how the data was produced and the accuracy of the data being made available. The Federal Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) requires that a quality report accompany the data. This information should include a statement of the positional accuracy of the data and testing procedures used to determine positional accuracy. Geographic data must be delivered according to standard media and digital formats. Accepted formats and media currently used by the Department are presented in the body of this paper.

Programs within the Department may define additional technical mapping requirements to accommodate specific program needs.

MAPPING AND DIGITAL DATA STANDARDS
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

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Geographic Information System technology has become a tool for innovative efforts to protect the natural environment and the public health of citizens, nationally and within the State of New Jersey. To adequately address these and other issues, the Department must make decisions based on sound data of known and adequate accuracy. This document provides guidance for the basic standards for creating, describing and distributing spatial data on a GIS. Basic standards will ensure consistent data quality and documentation, provide for compatibility between data sets, facilitate interactive analysis within the Department and ensure the highest quality of results derived from the GIS.

The Department endorses the Federal Geospatial Standards (FGDC, 1998) for positional accuracy as the most comprehensive and current standard. The Department continues to support National Map Accuracy Standards.

## 2.0 GEOSPATIAL POSITIONING ACCURACY STANDARDS AND TESTING

There are two widely accepted standards for positioning accuracy for mapped data, the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) "Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy" (1998) and National Map Accuracy Standard (1947). The Department supports both these standards and either standard can be used for mapped data. The Department recommends the more current FGDC (1998) standard.

## 2.1 Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)

The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) in 1998 released the endorsed version of "Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accu

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racy” (NSSDA) (http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/standards.html). This standard is designed for digital spatial data. In spite of the title, it prescribes a testing methodology, rather than threshold accuracy values, and is described as a Data Usability Standard.

The NSSDA requires the following test (quoted from Sections 3.2.1, 3.2.2, and Appendix 3-A):

The NSSDA uses root-mean-square error (RMSE) to estimate positional accuracy. RMSE is the square root of the average of the set of squared differences between dataset coordinate values and coordinate values from an independent source of higher accuracy for identical points.

Accuracy is reported in ground distances at the 95% confidence level. Accuracy reported at the 95% confidence level means that 95% of the positions in the dataset will have an error with respect to true ground position that is equal to or smaller than the reported accuracy value. The reported accuracy value reflects all uncertainties, including those introduced by geodetic control coordinates, compilation, and final computation of ground coordinate values in the product.

Horizontal accuracy shall be tested by comparing the planimetric coordinates of well-defined points in the dataset with coordinates of the same points from an independent source of higher accuracy. Vertical accuracy shall be tested by comparing the elevations in the dataset with elevations

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of the same points as determined from an independent source of higher accuracy.

Errors in recording or processing data, such as reversing signs or inconsistencies between the dataset and independent source of higher accuracy in coordinate reference system definition, must be corrected before computing the accuracy value.

A minimum of 20 checkpoints shall be tested, distributed to reflect the geographic area of interest and the distribution of error in the dataset. When 20 points are tested, the 95% confidence level allows one point to fail the threshold given in product specifications.

Horizontal Root Mean Square Error is known as $\mathsf{RMSE}_{\mathsf{r}}$

If error is normally distributed and independent in each of the x- and y-component and error, the factor 2.4477 is used to compute horizontal accuracy at the 95% confidence level (Greenwalt and Schultz, 1968). When the preceding conditions apply, Accuracy, the accuracy value according to NSSDA, shall be computed by the formula:

$$
\begin{array}{l}
\text{Accuracy}_r = 2.4477 * \text{RMSE}_x = 2.4477 * \text{RMSE}_y \\
= 2.4477 * \text{RMSE}_r / 1.4142
\end{array}
$$

$$
\text{Accuracy}_r = 1.7308 * \text{RMSE}_r
$$

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Note that because this formula is based on statistical probabilities, the satisfaction of the underlying assumptions is important, and the formula also applies to a specific number of error measurements (20 points). The full FGDC document gives more information on what to do in cases where either of these requirements cannot be satisfied. It also gives direction on additional topics, and a worked example.

The NSSDA test described above has been embodied in the ArcView 3.x extension RMSEr2.avx, written by Gregory Herman of the New Jersey Geological Survey; the extension is available from the ESRI web site (http://gis.esri.com/arcscripts/scripts.cfm). Note that the extension does not provide a test of the validity of the assumptions.

A data set that has been tested for horizontal accuracy per the NSSDA standard should be reported in the metadata as "Tested ______(meters, feet) horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level." Tests and reporting statements for vertical accuracy are analogous, and are shown in the FGDC document.

If alternate means of evaluating accuracy are used, the data set should be reported in the metadata as "Compiled to meet ______(meters, feet) horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level."

In summary, there are seven steps in applying the NSSDA (from Positional Accuracy Handbook, 1999, Minnesota Planning Land Management Information Center):

1. Determine if the test involves horizontal accuracy, vertical accuracy, or both.
2. Select a set of test points from the data set being evaluated.
3. Select an independent data set of higher accuracy that corresponds to the data

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set being evaluated.

4. Collect measurements from identical points from each of those two sources.
5. Calculate a positional accuracy statistic using either the horizontal or vertical accuracy statistic worksheet.
6. Prepare an accuracy statement in a standardized report form.
7. Include that report in a comprehensive description of the data set called metadata.

The Positional Accuracy Handbook provides a very clear explanation of NSSDA and excellent examples of testing methods and non-testing assessments. It can be found at (http://www.mnplan.state.mn.us/press/accurate.html).

The NSSDA itself does not include threshold values, i.e. values of accuracy that are required for particular purposes. Sources for appropriate threshold values are discussed further below in Section 2.3.

## 2.2 National Map Accuracy Standard (NMAS)

The National Map Accuracy Standard, designed for paper maps, has been used since their adoption in 1941 to set accuracy requirements and to describe accuracy levels of maps. The 1947 revision is quoted in part below:

1. Horizontal accuracy for maps on publication scales larger than 1:20,000, not more than 10% of the points tested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale; for maps on publica

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tion scales of 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50th of an inch. These limits of accuracy shall apply in all cases to positions of well-defined points only. Well-defined points are those that are easily visible or recoverable on the ground, such as the following: monuments or markers, such as benchmarks, property boundary monuments; intersections of roads, railroads, etc.; corners of large buildings or structures (or center points of small buildings); etc. In general what is well defined will also be determined by what is plottable on the scale of the map within 1/100 inch. Thus, while the intersection of two road or property lines meeting at right angles would come within a sensible interpretation, identification of the intersection of such lines meeting at an acute angle would obviously not be practicable within 1/100 inch. Similarly, features not identifiable upon the ground within close limits are not to be considered as test points within the limits quoted, even though their positions may be scaled closely upon the map. Examples of data in this class would be timberlines, soil boundaries, etc.

2. Vertical Accuracy, as applied to contour maps on all publication scales, shall be such that not more than 10 percent of the elevations tested shall be in error more than one-half the contour interval. In checking elevations taken from the map, the apparent vertical error may be decreased by assuming a horizontal displacement within the permissible hor-

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izontal error for a map of that scale.

NMAS accuracy is described in map units (inches on the map), rather than ground units (feet or meters in the real world). Given a scale, one can translate the map units into ground units. For example, NMAS requires that a map of scale 1:12,000 shall have an accuracy of 1/30 inch; the corresponding ground unit accuracy is 33.3 ft. Although designed for paper maps, NMAS has been widely used to describe the accuracy level of digital data; for example, a digital data set is commonly described as meeting NMAS at a particular nominal scale.

As discussed above, NMAS is based on statistical testing; however the confidence level is set at 90 percent, in contrast to the 95 percent confidence level required by NSSDA. This means that the same map or data set will have a different accuracy level description (i.e. different numerical accuracy value in feet or meters) for NMAS vs. NSSDA. One can think of the horizontal accuracy as a circle of that radius around each well-defined position point: the confidence level expresses the likelihood that the actual location of the point falls within that circle. For a given "quality" of data, one needs a larger circle for a 95 percent confidence level than for a 90 percent confidence level. Appendix 3-D of the NSSDA document gives a fuller treatment of the relationship between NMAS and NSSDA.

The full text of National Map Accuracy Standards (1947) is shown in section 7.1.

## 2.3 Threshold Accuracy Values

The Department continues to support positioning data to meet the accuracy level of the NMAS, but using the testing methodology and reporting language of NSSDA. One approach to sat-

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isfying this requirement is to establish an appropriate nominal scale for the data/mapping in question, and use the NSSDA equivalent of NMAS values to establish threshold values for accuracy. The mathematical relationship is described in the NSSDA document (Appendix 3-D). Table 2.3.1 below shows the results of this calculation for a range of scales.

Derived from National Map Accuracy Standards (1947).

Table 2.3.1 Threshold accuracy values in ground units.

|  Scale | NMAS accuracy (feet) | NSSDA Accuracyr (feet) | NMAS accuracy (meters) | NSSDA Accuracyr (meters)  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Large scale | 1/30 inch (map) |  |  |   |
|  1:1,200 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 1.2  |
|  1:2,400 | 6.7 | 7.7 | 2.0 | 2.3  |
|  1:6,000 | 16.7 | 19 | 5.1 | 5.8  |
|  1:12,000 | 33.3 | 38 | 10.1 | 12  |
|  Small scale | 1/50 inch (map) |  |  |   |
|  1:24,000 | 40 | 46 | 12.2 | 14  |
|  1:63,360 | 106 | 120 | 32.3 | 37  |
|  1:100,000 | 167 | 190 | 50.9 | 58  |

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|  1:250,000 | 417 | 475 | 127 | 145  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  1:500,000 | 833 | 950 | 254 | 290  |

When the FGDC began work on the NSSDA, the subcommittee used Accuracy Standards for Large-Scale Maps (Interim, 1990) from the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) as the basis for updating NMAS. The ASPRS standards use  $\mathsf{RMSE}_{\mathsf{x}}$  and  $\mathsf{RMSE}_{\mathsf{y}}$  as their base statistics, and state threshold values for various scales. (Note that  $\mathsf{RMSE}_{\mathsf{x}}$  and  $\mathsf{RMSE}_{\mathsf{y}}$  are NOT the same as  $\mathsf{RMSE}_{\mathsf{r}}$ .) Discussion of these standards can be found in the NSSDA document (section 3.1.5 and Appendix 3-D). Table 2.3.2 below shows the threshold values of the ASPRS Class 1 mapping standards and their translation into Accuracy of NSSDA (note that statistical assumptions are involved in making this calculation). As comparison of Accuracy values between the two tables shows, the ASPRS standards are stricter than NMAS.

Should the map producer not be able to test the quality of the submitted data by either of these two tests, then the producer shall document this fact in the metadata submitted with the digital GIS data. The Department strongly recommends that when a producer of mapped information is not required to submit data to a quality standard by regulation or by contract, that an accuracy statement be submitted with the GIS data and referenced in the metadata.

Table 2.3.2 Threshold accuracy values in ground units.

Derived from American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Class 1 Horizontal In-

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terim Accuracy Standards for Large-Scale maps (1990).

|  Scale | Class 1 Planimetric Accuracy, limiting RMSE (feet) | Equivalent Accuracyr, NSSDA (feet) | Class 1 Planimetric Accuracy, limiting RMSE (meters) | Equivalent Accuracy NSSDA (meters)  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  1:60 | 0.05 | 0.12 |  |   |
|  1:1,200 | 1.0 | 2.4 |  |   |
|  1:2,000 |  |  | 0.50 | 1.2  |
|  1:2,400 | 2.0 | 4.9 |  |   |
|  1:5,000 |  |  | 1.25 | 3.1  |
|  1:6,000 | 5.0 | 12.2 |  |   |
|  1:10,000 |  |  | 2.50 | 6.1  |
|  1:12,000 | 10.0 | 24.5 |  |   |
|  1:20,000 | 16.7 | 40.9 | 5.00 | 12.2  |

The New Jersey Society of Professional Land Surveyors (NJSPLS, http://www.njspls.org/) have also produced a set of proposed threshold Accuracyr values for several specific types of GIS data. Because these standards have not yet been adopted, they are not shown here.

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The remainder of this document describes standards adopted by the Department to facilitate data sharing and provide the basic standards for creating, describing and distributing spatial data on its GIS. The objective is to facilitate interactive analysis of data of the highest quality within the Department.

## 3.1 Datum and Projection

### 3.1.1 Horizontal Datum and Vertical Datum

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) is required for mapping in the horizontal plane. The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) should be used when possible rather than the older National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29).

### 3.1.2 Projection and Coordinate System

Based on the Chapter 218, Laws of New Jersey 1989, New Jersey State Plane is required in meters (the Department prefers feet), NAD83. The State of New Jersey is entirely contained within one state plane zone (2900). Special situations may require other projection systems for small-scale maps of regional (interstate) or national interest. The Department's GIS prefers to use feet as the units of measure and serves all of its data in the following Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_StatePlane_New_Jersey_FIPS_2900_Feet

## 3.2 Data Capture Methodology and Procedure

GIS information comes from a variety of sources, which can produce a wide range of positional accuracy. Consequently, each source must be evaluated to determine whether redrafting is

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necessary to prepare the data for entry into the GIS. Heads-up digitizing, Tablet digitizing, Scanning, and Global Positioning Systems (See Section 4.0) are all viable methods to input data to a GIS. Much of the data required for a GIS can be derived directly from the photo-interpretation of aerial photos or from rectified photo basemaps. Whichever method is used it is important that the most accurate data source set be used whenever possible. For New Jersey the February-April, 2002 digital color infrared (CIR) orthophotography 1:2400 (1"=200') are currently the preferred reference for heads up digitizing. Only differentially corrected GPS coordinates may surpass this source in accuracy.

## 3.2.1 Heads-Up Digitizing

Heads-Up digitizing is a technique that is useful for capturing or updating data from digital imagery on screen. High-resolution digital imagery now allows GIS users to edit and delineate features directly on the screen using desktop GIS software. The following considerations should be carefully planned out in advance.

1. The user must document procedures when using this technique.
2. Scale used for data capture should be established &amp; documented. Recommended scales for digitizing should be between 1:1200 to 1:4000 over DOQQ. Below 1:1200 the imagery becomes extremely blurred. Above 1:4000 accuracy could be compromised.
3. Digitizing tolerances should be established and documented.
4. Users should maintain clear definitions or classifications of features that are being interpreted and delineated.

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5. Ground truth (field verification) remains an important step in establishing the quality of heads-up digitizing, particularly for land cover delineation.

6. Make sure appropriate entries concerning the quality of the data are documented in the metadata files.

Detailed classification systems and resolution of imagery may require that features be captured on the screen and then photo-interpreted from aerial photography to the digital image. Photo-interpreting and heads-up digitizing at the same time can be extremely difficult even for experienced users.

All attribute coding shall be 100 percent correctly coded. A full description of each code should be provided as part of the metadata. The coding of features should follow an approved classification system as adopted by State and Federal agencies. These codes follow specifications of organizations responsible for deriving and maintaining the data. For example, the Department uses the Cowardin et al. (1979) system for the Classification of Wetland and Subaqueous Lands in the United States as adopted by the National Wetlands Inventory of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In addition the Department supports a modified version of Anderson et al. (1976), USGS, for classifying land use/land cover. For prototype classification schemes, clear concise documentation describing the classes is required.

## 3.2.2 Tablet Digitizing

Tablet digitizing is a common method of getting data into a GIS. The procedure involves tracing lines or locating points with a computer mouse on a digitizer. The manuscript's lines

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should be clear and complete with no gaps or shortfalls. Operators should not interpret and digitize at the same time. The digitizer should concentrate solely on capturing the exact nature of the features. All maps shall be edge matched prior to digitization to eliminate cartographic errors and reduce digital problems. Digital accuracy shall be evaluated by proof plotting the digital data to the base at the same scale as the manuscript and overlaying the data to the original map. The line work should be digitized in such a way as to create a digital copy that is within +/- one line width of the original. Edits can be flagged and corrected such that the standard is met. Coverage TICS should be identified and RMS errors documented in the metadata.

## 3.2.3 Scanning and Recompilation

Scanning of features from hardcopy sources or the recompilation of existing digital data, involves the redrafting of features from one source to a more accurate, planimetric source based on identifiable features. This method is commonly used to improve the quality of data that has been delineated on sources of unknown or unspecified quality or paper manuscripts. It is also commonly used to transfer data or non-rectified photography to a rectified orthophoto basemap based on a series of local fits of common photo-identifiable features, such as roads.

Other data sources without photo-images may be recompiled to planimetric sources by using other coincident features. For instance, grids on source data may be generated and plotted to planimetric basemaps and used as a guide for the redrafting of information that would otherwise not be usable in a digital form. This has been used to draft historical purveyor boundaries from old atlas sheets to the photoquads, for instance. Whatever the technique, metadata must be completed describing the recompilation techniques employed.

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## 4.0 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a mainstream technology for data collection for GIS. In New Jersey, state, county and municipal government agencies, academic institutions, public utilities, non-profit organizations, and private firms are using the technology to collect positions of features associated with their activities. A GPS receiver is able to determine its 3D position (latitude, longitude, and elevation) on the surface of the earth, store location information and convert the coordinates into features for use in a GIS. Users can not only capture a feature’s location, but also enter descriptive attribute data that significantly adds to the final data layer’s value in GIS.

GPS is most effective when the GPS receiver’s antenna has an unobstructed view of the sky. Buildings in urban areas and dense tree cover can create reception problems making GPS collection work difficult in these types of environments. The GPS receiver must be able to receive relatively clear signals from at least four satellites simultaneously to determine a 3D position or fix. Depending on the design of the GPS receiver, and the data collection/data processing techniques used, the horizontal range of accuracy can be 15 meters to sub-centimeter.

Positional data collected with GPS must, at a minimum, meet within a 5 meter, 95 percent confidence standard. This requires all GPS data to be differentially corrected. If accuracy requirements call for higher accuracy, parameter settings have to be adjusted accordingly in order to meet the higher standard.

The Department has adopted standards for the critical settings for rover (field data) receivers that are consistent regardless of which receiver model is being used. Users should not deviate

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from these standards. These settings include:

Standard GPS Collection Parameter Settings

Table 4.0.1Critical and Recommended Settings for Data Collection

|  Position Mode | Manual 3D is the normal setting.  |
| --- | --- |
|  Elevation Mask | 15 degrees above horizon.  |
|  PDOP Mask | 6  |
|  Signal to Noise Ratio Mask (SNR) | 6  |
|  Minimum Positions for Point Features | 200 (100 for Trimble Pro XL, 60 for Pro XR)  |
|  Logging Intervals | Intervals for point features will be 1 second or faster. Intervals for line and area features depend on the velocity at which the receiver will be traveling and the nature of the feature and the operating environment. Under normal circumstances (i.e., when the user is walking with the receiver) the interval for line and area features will be set to a 5-second interval.  |
|  Logging of DOP | Turned On.  |

For detailed information on recommended GPS receiver settings and collection procedures,

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see the Department's Standards for Using Code-Based Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for the Development of Accurate Location Data for Use with Arc/Info and ArcView Geographic Information Systems. (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/gpsoutstand.html)

## 5.0 METADATA STANDARDS

Metadata is required for all digital data layers created by the Department. Metadata is supporting information that describes the digital data layer and is critical for users to understand the key components of the data. Metadata describes how the data were created, who created and maintains the data, when the data were created and/or updated, item (attribute) descriptions, transfer standards, and more. The Federal Geographic Data Committee has defined the Federal metadata standard that all Federal agencies are required to follow for each digital data layer. The Department requires that metadata be provided with each digital data layer and that the metadata be FGDC compliant. Standard FGDC compliant metadata is a critical component of information management systems (clearinghouses) on the World Wide Web (WWW) and for any interactive mapping applications provided across the WWW.

The following is a statement from the FGDC on the metadata standard:

The objectives of the standard are to provide a common set of terminology and definitions for the documentation of digital geospatial data. The standard establishes the names of data elements and compound elements (groups of data elements) to be used for these purposes, the definitions of these compound elements and data elements, and information about the values that are to be provided for the data elements.

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This standard is the data documentation standard referenced in the executive order (Executive Order 12906, "Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: the National Spatial Data Infrastructure)." The standard was developed from the perspective of defining the information required by a prospective user to determine the availability of a set of geospatial data, to determine the fitness the set of geospatial data for an intended use, to determine the means of accessing the set of geospatial data, and to successfully transfer the set of geospatial data. As such, the standard establishes the names of data elements and compounds elements to be used for these purposes, the definitions of these data elements and compound elements, and information about values that are to be provided for the data elements.

For more information on metadata, go to the Department's GIS Metadata page (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/metastan.htm). For examples of metadata for GIS data layers go to the New Jersey Geographic Information Network (NJGIN) and "Search" for data (https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/index.jsp).

Additional information can be found at (http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/metadata.html).

For examples of metadata please go to the New Jersey Geographic Information Network and search for GIS data (https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/index.jsp). For additional resources go to the Department's GIS web site (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/metastan.htm) for a description of metadata and additional examples.

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## 6.0 DATA TRANSFER STANDARDS

In order to enhance data exchange, the following standards should be followed. Presented below are recommended exchange standards for ESRI’s Arc suite of products.

## 6.1 Software

Digital Exchange Standards for GIS

Table 6.1.1 details the exchange standards recommended for the exchange with the Department’s GIS software. For “relate,” “join” or “link” databases, dbase IV, Access and Excel are preferred over INFO look up tables.

Table 6.1.1 NJDEP GIS Compatible Configurations

|  PLATFORM | UNIX Workstation | PC  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  OPERATING SYSTEM | UNIX | Windows 2000, XP  |

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|  SOFTWARE/ File Format | ArcGIS 9.x Workstation
Geodatabase
Coverage
Shape Files
ArcView 3.x
Coverage
Shape Files
DXF | ArcGIS 9.x
Geodatabase
Personal Geodatabase
Coverage
Shape Files
ArcView 3.x shape files
DWG (AutoCad)
DGN (Microstation)
DXF  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  DATA TRANSFER | Arc/Info Interchange File
(*.e00)
Shapefile
XML | Arc/Info Interchange File
(*.e00)
Shapefile
XML
Winzip (rename to *.abc)
(* = name of file)  |

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|  MEDIA | CD-ROM (CD-R) | CD-ROM (CD-R)  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|   |  DVD | DVD  |
|   |  3 1/2" HD 1.44MB | 3 1/2" HD 1.44MB  |
|   |   | Zip Disk (100 or 250MB)  |

## 6.2 Data Distribution

### 6.2.1 Digital Transfer Methods

Data are available in the following a variety of formats from a variety of sources today.

The formats, usually available in compressed Zip file format, should be compatible with

Table 6.1. The New Jersey Geographic Information Network (NJGIN)

(https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/index.jsp) is the preferred centralized location and method for data distribution to users outside the Department.

### 6.2.2 Data Supplied by NJDEP

For data supplied by the Department the following Distribution Agreement (NJDEP) shall accompany all data transfers. The users agrees to abide by the terms and conditions of the follow-

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ing:

I. Description of Data to be provided

The data provided herein are distributed subject to the following conditions and restrictions.

For all data contained herein, (NJDEP) makes no representations of any kind, including, but not limited to, the warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use, nor are any such warranties to be implied with respect to the digital data layers furnished hereunder. NJDEP assumes no responsibility to maintain them in any manner or form.

II. Terms of Agreement

1. Digital data received from the NJDEP are to be used solely for internal purposes in the conduct of daily affairs.

2. The data are provided, as is, without warranty of any kind and the user is responsible for understanding the accuracy limitations of all digital data layers provided herein, as documented in the accompanying Metadata, Data Dictionary and Readme files. Any reproduction or manipulation of the above data must ensure that the coordinate reference system remains intact.

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3. Digital data received from the NJDEP may not be reproduced or redistributed for use by anyone without first obtaining written permission from the NJDEP. This clause is not intended to restrict the distribution of printed mapped information produced from the digital data.

4. Any maps, publications, reports, or other documents produced as a result of this project that utilize the Department’s digital data will credit the Department’s Geographic Information System (GIS) as the source of the data with the following credit/disclaimer: "This (map/publication/report) was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not State-authorized."

5. Users shall require any independent contractor, hired to undertake work that will utilize digital data obtained from the Department, to agree not to use, reproduce, or redistribute NJDEP GIS data for any purpose other than the specified contractual work. All copies of the Department’s GIS data utilized by an independent contractor will be required to be returned to the original user at the close of such contractual work.

Users hereby agree to abide by the use and reproduction conditions specified above and agree to hold any independent contractor to the same terms. By using data provided herein, the user acknowledges that terms and conditions have been read and

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that the user is bound by these criteria.

## 7.0 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

## 7.1 National Map Accuracy Standard (NMAS)

NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARDS

United States National Map Accuracy Standards

U.S. Bureau of the Budget, Revised June 17, 1947

With a view to the utmost economy and expedition in producing maps, which fulfill not only the broad needs for standard or principal maps, but also the reasonable particular needs of individual agencies, standards of accuracy for published maps are defined as follows.

1. Horizontal accuracy, for maps on publication scales larger than 1:20,000, not more than 10% of the points tested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale; for maps on publication scales of 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50th of an inch. These limits of accuracy shall apply in all cases to positions of well-defined points only. Well-defined points are those that are easily visible or recoverable on the ground, such as the following: monuments or markers, such as benchmarks, property boundary monuments; intersections of roads, railroads, etc.; corners of large buildings or structures (or center points of small buildings); etc. In general what is well defined will also be determined by what is plotable on the scale of the map within 1/100 inch. Thus, while the intersection of two road or property lines meeting at right angles would come within a sensible interpretation, identification of the intersection of such lines meeting at an

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acute angle would obviously not be practicable within 1/100 inch. Similarly, features not identifiable upon the ground within close limits are not to be considered as test points within the limits quoted, even though their positions may be scaled closely upon the map. In this class would come timberlines, soil boundaries, etc.

2. Vertical Accuracy, as applied to contour maps on all publication scales, shall be such that not more than 10 percent of the elevations tested shall be in error more than one-half the contour interval. In checking elevations taken from the map, the apparent vertical error may be decreased by assuming a horizontal displacement within the permissible horizontal error for a map of that scale.

3. The accuracy of any map may be tested by comparing the positions of points whose locations or elevations are shown upon it with corresponding positions as determined by surveys of a higher accuracy. Tests shall be made by the producing agency, which shall also determine which of its maps are to be tested, and the extent of such testing.

4. Published maps meeting these accuracy requirements shall note this fact on their legends, as follows: "This map complies with National Map Accuracy Standards."

5. Published maps whose errors exceed that aforestated shall omit from their legends all mention of standard accuracy.

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6. When a published map is a considerable enlargement of a map drawing (manuscript) or of a published map, that fact shall be stated in the legend. For example, "This map is an enlargement of a 1:20000-scale map drawing," or "This map is an enlargement of a 1:24000-scale published map."

7. To facilitate ready interchange and use of basic information for map construction among all Federal mapmaking agencies, feasible and consistent with the uses to which the map is to be put, shall conform to latitude and longitude boundaries, being 15 minutes of latitude and longitude, or 7.5 minutes, or 3-3/4 minutes in size. (From Thompson, 1987).

## 7.2 Digital Imagery (Meets NMAS)

2002 Digital color infrared (CIR) orthophotography

Aerial photography of the entire State of New Jersey was captured during February-April, 2002. Digital color infrared (CIR) orthophotography was produced at a scale of 1:2400 (1"=200') with a 1 foot pixel resolution for New Jersey in State Plane NAD83 Coordinates, U.S. Survey Feet. Digital orthophotography combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. Digital orthophotography is a process, which converts aerial photography from an original photonegative to a digital product that has been positionally corrected for camera lens distortion, vertical displacement and variations in aircraft altitude and orientation. The ortho-rectification process achieved a +/-4.0 ft. horizontal accuracy at a 95% confidence level, National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA).

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This dataset consists of 5000' x 5000' files in MrSID format with a 15:1 compression ratio.

The files, which can be selected and downloaded from the NJGIN site, were produced utilizing MrSID Geospatial Edition 1.4 and are approximately 5 MB in size.

State Resource: NJ Geographic Information Network (NJGIN)
(https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/index.jsp)

The 2002 orthos are available for purchase in MrSID compressed format (on DVD media only) from the USGS-EROS Data Center.

A complete set of orthos for the State is available on 13 DVDs at a cost of $785.00. Note: If you are NOT purchasing a complete set of orthos on 13 DVDs, you need to include the DVD series number (i.e., DVD 1 of 13, DVD 2 of 13, etc.) with your order.

The MrSID Index with the series number for each DVD is provided as an ESRI shapefile from the NJGIN site.

Pricing Information: $60 per DVD + $5 handling fee per order (subject to change).

Payment, or obligation by way of a purchase order, must be received by the USGS-EROS Data Center before order processing may begin. All instruments of payment are to be made payable to Department of the Interior, USGS. The link for payment options is:
http://edc.usgs.gov/about/customer/modes.html

To order: Send email to custserv@usgs.gov or contact Kim Brown at 1-800-252-4547, ext. 2061. USGS-EROS Data Center Business Hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.,

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Central Time.

1995-97 Digital color infrared (CIR) orthophotography

The imagery conforms to the standards of USGS "standard product" for digital orthophotoguarterquads (DOQQs). Many organizations including the Department use these high quality images as digital base maps for mapping applications.

The 1995/97 imagery is color infrared (CIR), has 3 bands, 1 meter resolution, and is NAD83 in UTM (meters). The standard product is available through the USGS EROS Data Center. The Department has made the data available on the GIS server in SPC feet, NAD83. The imagery is available from the following resources:

Federal Resource: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/webglis
http://mapping.usgs.gov/
USGS (703) 648-5931

State Resource: NJ Geographic Information Network
(https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/index.jsp)

1991-92 Digital imagery

The 1991-92 digital imagery is available at 5-ft (quarter quad) resolution or 10 ft (quad) grayscale (1 band) digital files, NAD83. These images meet NMAS at the production scale (1:12000) and are the manuscript images from which the 1991-92 Mylar basemaps were made. The files are .gis (ERDAS) files and are 16mb each. These digital images are available only from MARKHURD.

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Contractor Resource: MARKHURD, Minneapolis, MN (1-800-MAP-HURD).

## 7.3 New Jersey Basemaps (Meets NMAS)

The Department has created several source basemaps that are available for mapping initiatives that meet or exceed NMAS. Basemaps provide the foundation for many mapping projects and for the display of mapped information. As such, basemaps must meet uniform, rigorous standards for positional accuracy and cartographic integrity. Over the years, several series of quality basemaps that meet or exceed NMAS have been produced. Basemaps can be either hardcopy (Mylar or acetate) or digital (softcopy). A statewide synoptic set of hardcopy basemaps for New Jersey was made from aerial over-flights sponsored by the Department in 1991 and 1986. In both cases, both quadrangle (1:24000) and quarter quadrangle (1:12000) hardcopy Mylar basemaps were produced. Other basemaps cover specific areas only, such as the 1977-78 Tidelands photo basemaps. Two series of digital (softcopy) basemaps have also been produced, from the 1991 and 1995/97 over-flights. The digital images were produced at quarterquad scale (1:12000).

* Hardcopy (Mylar) Basemaps

Listed below in order of general overall quality is available New Jersey basemap series that were produced on stable base mylar and meet a definable mapping standard (NMAS). The first four series listed are photo basemaps, derived from aerial photography. The 1991/92 and the 1986 wetland series are both orthophoto basemaps compiled from a sophisticated aero-triangulation process. They should be used whenever possible to generate GIS compatible data and/or to use as a recompilation base.

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All the hardcopy basemaps described herein with the exception of the 1991/92 products are referenced in NAD27. For this reason, the 1991/92 mylar basemap quads (1:24000) and quarterquads (1:12000) series, referenced in NAD83 are highly recommended by the Department over all other sources listed for mapping at these scales. Stable base site maps of large scale meeting NMAS, produced by surveying, mapping or photogrammetric firms may qualify as GIS compatible if they contain a minimum of four registration tics in the New Jersey State Plane Coordinate System, North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), the official survey base of New Jersey. The USGS topoquad series are not recommended as a delineation source because they are generally available only on paper and are not synoptic data sources. Rather, they represent variable data sources and dates.

* 1991/92 Orthophoto Basemaps (Quadrangles and Quarter quadrangles)

The most recent statewide set of hardcopy chronoflex quarterquad (1:12000) and photoquad (1:24000) photo basemaps were produced from the 1991/92 aerial overflight of the State. These basemaps meet or exceed NMAS. This series of maps is referenced in SPC feet in NAD83, but also has NAD27 tics in the margin. This series is the most current, highest quality basemaps of their scale available statewide, that are referenced in the new datum, NAD83. This basemap series is highly recommended by the Department for mapping efforts at these scales.

* 1986 Freshwater Wetlands Orthophoto Quarterquad Basemaps (1:12000)

The passage of the Freshwater Wetlands Act of 1987 required the State to produce a composite map of the freshwater wetlands (FWW) for the State. Subsequently, a set of 635 chronoflex

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photo quarterquads for the entire State from the March 1986 overflight was produced. The maps represent an excellent source for both photo-interpretation and recompilation at a county, municipal or site level. However, these maps are dated and are referenced in the old datum (NAD27). The 1991/92 series now supercedes these maps. There is also a set of composite hardcopy FWW maps with the delineation superimposed on the image.

* 1986 Photoquad Basemaps (1:24000)

A statewide overflight in March 1986 produced a complete set of stable base photoquads at 1:24000. The control for the production of these basemaps was the Mylar USGS 7.5-Minute topoquads. The photoquads have been widely used both to create data layers and to recompile other data sources from paper or non-planimetric sources. These basemaps did not follow rigorous orthophoto techniques and are referenced in the old datum. The 1991/92 basemaps supercedes these maps.

* 1977/78 Tidelands Basemaps (1:2400)

The tidelands maps are a series of 1:2400 base maps for the coastal zone that include all tidal areas in the State to delineate the State's claim to all tide-flowed lands. The series consists of 1628 photo basemaps. These maps are rectified products that meet NMAS below the ten-foot contour. The photo-image is late summer of 1977 and 1978. These maps cover the entire coastal zone up to the head-of-tide.

* USGS 7.5-Minute Series Topoquad Basemaps (1:24000)

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The USGS has published an entire series of 172 topographic maps for the State at a scale of 1:24000. The base information ranged from the late 1940s to the 1980s with photo-updates into the mid 1990s. Because these maps vary in source date, and because more accurate and current basemaps (1991/92) are available, the USGS topoquads series is not recommended by the Department as a mapping base. The topoquads do represent an excellent reference source, particularly for named places and features.

## Basemap Resources

Mylar photo basemaps from 1991, 1986 and 1977/78 and the digital imagery from 1991 may be obtained from MARKHURD, Minneapolis, MN (1-800-MAP-HURD). There are several sets of the 1986 and 1991 chronoflex (Mylar) base maps in the Department. The GIS Unit has a set of each for reference.

Paper prints of 1986 and 1991 orthophoto basemap series, as well as paper prints of USGS topoquads, may be obtained from the Department's Maps and Publications; (609) 777-1038. Paper prints from the 1977/78 series are available from the Bureau of Tidelands Management: (609) 292-2573.

Topoquads and other USGS Federal maps (and aerial photos) may be ordered from 1-800-USA-MAPS or (703) 648-5931.

## Aerial Photograph Resources

Historic aerial photography is available for inspection at the Department's Tidelands Management Program (TMP) by scheduled appointment. The 1986, 1991/92, 1995/97 and 2002 photo

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color infrared frames are also available for inspection at the TMP. Appointments are required. The 1991/92 and 1995/97 photos may also be purchased from the USGS EROS Data Center.

Federal Resource: http://mapping.usgs.gov/
USGS (703) 648-5931

Department Resource: Tidelands Management Program (609) 633-7369

7.4 Internet Resources

NJDEP, BGIS: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis

NJ Geographic

Information

Network: https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/index.jsp

GPS Resource: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/newgps.htm

FGDC Resources: http://fgdc.er.usgs.gov/standards
http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/
http://www.fgdc.gov/
http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/standards.html
http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/documents/proposals/swathpr3.html

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USGS Resource: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/
(EROS) Data Center

ASPRS Resource: http://www.asprs.org/asprs/resources/standards.html

NOAA Resource: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/ccap_index.html
Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP):
"Guidance for Regional Implementation"

Private Resource: http://www.spaceimaging.com/
Contains Landsat TM ortho-corrected processing procedures.

Surveyor Resource: http://www.njspls.org/
(NJ Society of Professional Land Surveyors)
